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Repairing File System Issues at Boot

  • systemd will display an emergency shell in most cases dealing with file system issues.

  • The emergency.target target can also be used to diagnose and fix file system issues.

Objectives

After completing this section, students should be able to repair file system issues during boot.

Errors in /etc/fstab and corrupt file systems can stop a system from booting. In most cases, systemd will actually continue to boot after a timeout, or drop to an emergency repair shell that requires the root password.

The following table lists some common errors and their results.

ProblemResult

Corrupt file system

systemd will attempt a fsck. If the problem is too serious for an automatic fix, the user will be prompted to run fsck manually from an emergency shell.

Non-existent device/UUID referenced in /etc/fstab

systemd will wait for a set amount of time, waiting for the device to become available. If the device does not become available, the user is dropped to an emergency shell after the timeout.

Non-existent mount point in /etc/fstab

systemd creates the mount point if possible; otherwise, it drops to an emergency shell.

Incorrect mount option specified in /etc/fstab

The user is dropped to an emergency shell.

In all cases, an administrator can also utilize the emergency.target target to diagnose and fix the issue, since no file systems will be mounted before the emergency shell is displayed.

Note

When using the automatic recovery shell during file system issues, do not forget to issue a systemctl daemon-reload after editing /etc/fstab. Without this reload, systemd will continue using the old version.

References

systemd-fsck(8), systemd-fstab-generator(3), and systemd.mount(5) man pages

Revision: rh199-7-d0984a3