Red Hat System Administration I

From workstation, open an SSH session to serverb as student.

[student@workstation ~]$ ssh student@serverb
...output omitted...
[student@serverb ~]$ 

Use the mkdir command to create the /home/student/grading directory.

[student@serverb ~]$ mkdir grading

As you ran the preceding command while in the home directory of the student user, you did not specify the absolute path to the grading directory while creating it.

Use the touch command to create the empty files called grade1, grade2, and grade3 in the /home/student/grading directory. Apply the brace expansion shell feature to create all three files with a single touch command.

[student@serverb ~]$ touch grading/grade{1,2,3}

Use the ls command to verify that the grade1, grade2, and grade3 files exist under the directory /home/student/grading.

[student@serverb ~]$ ls grading/
grade1  grade2  grade3

Use the head command to view the first five lines of the file /home/student/bin/manage-files and redirect the output to the file /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt.

[student@serverb ~]$ head -5 bin/manage-files > grading/manage-files.txt

The preceding command uses the single redirection symbol (>) to save the command output to /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt so that any existing content in the file gets overwritten.

Verify that the file /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt contains the following text.

Test AA
Test BB
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE

Use the tail command to view the last three lines of the file /home/student/bin/manage-files and append the output to /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt.

[student@serverb ~]$ tail -3 bin/manage-files >> grading/manage-files.txt

The preceding command uses the double redirection symbol (>>) to append the output to /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt so that the existing contents in the file are preserved.

Verify that the file /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt contains the following text.

Test AA
Test BB
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
Test HH
Test II
Test JJ

Use the cd command to navigate to the directory /home/student/grading.

[student@serverb ~]$ cd grading/
[student@serverb grading]$ 

Use the cp command to copy the /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt file to /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt.

[student@serverb grading]$ cp manage-files.txt manage-files-copy.txt

Navigate back to the home directory of the user student.

[student@serverb grading]$ cd
[student@serverb ~]$ 

Use the vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt file.

[student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/manage-files-copy.txt

From the command mode in vim, scroll down to the line that has the Test JJ line of text. Press the y key twice on your keyboard to copy the line of text and press the p key to paste it below the cursor. Type :wq to save the changes and quit vim. Verify that the /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt file contains the following text.

Test AA
Test BB
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
Test HH
Test II
Test JJ
Test JJ

Notice that the preceding content includes two copies of the Test JJ line of text.

Use the vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt file.

[student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/manage-files-copy.txt

From the command mode in vim, scroll down to the line that has the Test HH line of text. Press the d key twice on your keyboard to delete the line of text. Type :wq to save the changes and quit vim. Verify that the /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt file contains the following text.

Test AA
Test BB
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
Test II
Test JJ
Test JJ

Notice that the preceding content does not include the Test HH line of text.

Use the vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt file.

[student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/manage-files-copy.txt

From the command mode in vim, scroll down to the line that has the Test CC line of text. Press the i key on the keyboard to switch to the insert mode while keeping the cursor at the beginning of the Test CC line of text. From the insert mode, press the Enter key on the keyboard to create a blank line above the cursor. Use the up arrow to navigate to the blank line and create the A new line line of text. Press the Esc key on the keyboard to switch back to the command mode. Type :wq to save the changes and quit vim. Verify that the /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt file contains the following text.

Test AA
Test BB
A new line
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
Test II
Test JJ
Test JJ

Notice that the preceding content includes the A new line line of text.

Use the ln command to create the hard link named /home/student/hardlink to the file /home/student/grading/grade1. You will need to do this after creating the empty file /home/student/grading/grade1 as specified above.

[student@serverb ~]$ ln grading/grade1 hardlink

Use the ls -l command to view the link count of the /home/student/grading/grade1 file.

[student@serverb ~]$ ls -l grading/grade1
-rw-rw-r--. 2 student student 0 Mar  6 16:45 grading/grade1

Use the ln -s command to create the soft link named /home/student/softlink to the file /home/student/grading/grade2.

[student@serverb ~]$ ln -s grading/grade2 softlink

Use the ls -l command to view the properties of the /home/student/softlink soft link.

[student@serverb ~]$ ls -l softlink
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 student student 14 Mar  6 17:58 softlink -> grading/grade2

Use the ls -l command to view the contents of the directory /boot in the “long listing” format and redirect the output to the file /home/student/grading/longlisting.txt.

[student@serverb ~]$ ls -l /boot > grading/longlisting.txt

Log out of serverb.

[student@serverb ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to serverb closed.