RH134 - ch09s04

No swap partition was created during the installation of serverX. During peak usage, the server has been running out of physical memory. You have ordered additional RAM and are anxiously waiting for its arrival. In the meantime, you decide to alleviate the problem by enabling swap space on the second disk. To make sure that the newly added swap space is always available for use, you will also need to configure it to be enabled upon boot.

Once you have completed your work, reboot your serverX machine and verify that the swap space is available after the reboot.

Create a 500 MiB partition on /dev/vdb of type Linux swap.

Use fdisk to modify the second disk.
```
[root@serverX ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
```

Print the original partition table, then create a new partition that is 500 MiB in size.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfd41a9d3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (2099200-20971519, default 2099200): Enter
Using default value 2099200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519, default 20971519): +500M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfd41a9d3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vdb2         2099200     3123199      512000   83  Linux

Set the newly created partition to type Linux swap.

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

...
 1 FAT12  27 Hidden NTFS Win  82 Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
...
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfd41a9d3

Device Boot    Start      End   Blocks  Id  System
/dev/vdb1       2048  2099199  1048576  83  Linux
/dev/vdb2    2099200  3123199   512000  82  Linux swap / Solaris

Save the partition table changes.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

Run partprobe to make the kernel aware of the partition table change.
```
[root@serverX ~]# partprobe
```

Initialize the newly created partition as swap space.

[root@serverX ~]# mkswap /dev/vdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 511996 KiB
no label, UUID=74f8f3e1-6af3-4e51-9ab5-c48e52bf4a7b

Enable the newly created swap space.

Creating and initializing swap space does not yet enable it for use, as shown by the free and swapon -s command.

[root@serverX ~]# free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       1885252     557852    1327400      17096       1080     246040
-/+ buffers/cache:     310732    1574520
Swap:            0          0          0

[root@serverX ~]# swapon -s
[root@serverX ~]#

Enable the newly created swap space.
```
[root@serverX ~]# swapon /dev/vdb2
```

Verify that the newly created swap space is now available.

[root@serverX ~]# swapon -s
Filename				Type		Size	Used	Priority
/dev/vdb2                              	partition	511996	0	-1

Disable the swap space.
```
[root@serverX ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb2
```

Verify that the swap space is disabled.

[root@serverX ~]# swapon -s
[root@serverX ~]#

Configure the new swap space so that it is enabled upon boot.

Determine the UUID of the new swap partition on the second disk.

[root@serverX ~]# blkid /dev/vdb2
/dev/vdb2: UUID="74f8f3e1-6af3-4e51-9ab5-c48e52bf4a7b" TYPE="swap"

Add an entry to /etc/fstab.

UUID=74f8f3e1-6af3-4e51-9ab5-c48e52bf4a7b swap swap defaults 0 0

Test enabling the swap space using the entry just added to /etc/fstab.
```
[root@serverX ~]# swapon -a
```

Verify that the new swap space was enabled.

[root@serverX ~]# swapon -s
Filename                      Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/vdb2                     partition       511996  0       -1

Reboot serverX. After the server has rebooted, log in and verify that swap space is enabled.

[student@serverX ~]# swapon -s
Filename                      Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/vdb2                     partition       511996  0       -1

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Hi thereWell, i have a question, Is It possible to reset root password when the system is on multi-user.target? I was not be able to found a foro o some information related with this and another question that I have, If the grub menu dont show up, is it posible to reset the root password?

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Red Hat System Administration II (RH134)

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21 lip 2023

Build the skills to perform the key tasks needed to become a full-time Linux administratorRed Hat System Administration II (RH134) is the second part of the RHCSA training track for IT professionals who have already attended Red Hat System Administration I. The course goes deeper into core Linux system administration skills in storage configuration and management, installation and deployment of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, management of security features such as SELinux, control of recurring system tasks, management of the boot process and troubleshooting, basic system tuning, and command-line automation and productivity. This course assumes that students have attended Red Hat System Administration I (RH124).Experienced Linux administrators who seek rapid preparation for the RHCSA certification should instead start with RHCSA Rapid Track (RH199).This course is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0.Course summaryInstall Red Hat Enterprise Linux using scalable methodsAccess security files, file systems, and networksExecute shell scripting and automation techniquesManage storage devices, logical volumes, and file systemsManage security and system accessControl the boot process and system servicesRun containersAudience for this courseThis course is geared toward Windows system administrators, network administrators, and other system administrators who are interested in supplementing current skills or backstopping other team members, in addition to Linux system administrators who are responsible for these tasks:Configuring, installing, upgrading, and maintaining Linux systems using established standards and proceduresProviding operational supportManaging systems for monitoring system performance and availabilityWriting and deploying scripts for task automation and system administrationRecommended trainingSuccessful completion of Red Hat System Administration I (RH124) is recommended.Experienced Linux administrators seeking to accelerate their path toward becoming a Red Hat Certified System Administrator should start with the RHCSA Rapid Track course (RH199).Take our free assessment to gauge whether this offering is the best fit for your skills.Technology considerationsThere are no special technology requirements.This course is not designed for bring your own device (BYOD).Internet access is not required, but is recommended to allow students to research and access Red Hat online resources.

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18 lip 2023

We are excited to launch a space dedicated to the Red Hat Training course Red Hat System Administration II! To gain the most value from this group - click the "Join Group" button in the upper right hand corner.We encourage group members to collaborate in this group to discuss topics, ask questions, share best practices and tips, provide course feedback, and share their accomplishments as it relates to RH134.Read more about Red Hat System Administration II here.

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Revision: rh134-7-c643331