Red Hat System Administration I

Log in to serverb as the student user.

[student@workstation ~]$ ssh student@serverb
...output omitted...
[student@serverb ~]$

Create the /home/student/grading directory. If the /home/student directory is your current directory, then you do not need to specify the absolute path to the grading directory when creating it.

[student@serverb ~]$ mkdir grading

In the /home/student/grading directory, create three empty files called grade1, grade2, and grade3.

1. Create the empty files called grade1, grade2, and grade3 in the /home/student/grading directory. Apply the brace expansion shell feature to create all three files with a single touch command.

   [student@serverb ~]$ touch grading/grade{1,2,3}

2. Verify that the grade1, grade2, and grade3 files exist in the /home/student/grading directory.

   [student@serverb ~]$ ls grading/
   grade1  grade2  grade3

Copy the first five lines of the /home/student/bin/manage file to the /home/student/grading/review.txt file.

1. View the first five lines of the /home/student/bin/manage file and redirect the output to the /home/student/grading/review.txt file. Use the single redirection symbol (>) to overwrite any existing content in the file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ head -5 bin/manage > grading/review.txt

2. Verify that the /home/student/grading/review.txt file contains the following text:

   Test AA
   Test BB
   Test CC
   Test DD
   Test EE

Append the last three lines of the /home/student/bin/manage file to the /home/student/grading/review.txt file. Use the double redirection symbol (>>) to append the output and preserve the contents of the file.

1. View the last three lines of the /home/student/bin/manage file and append the output to the /home/student/grading/review.txt file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ tail -3 bin/manage >> grading/review.txt

2. Verify that the /home/student/grading/review.txt file contains the following text:

   Test AA
   Test BB
   Test CC
   Test DD
   Test EE
   Test HH
   Test II
   Test JJ

Copy the /home/student/grading/review.txt file to the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file.

1. Navigate to the /home/student/grading directory.

   [student@serverb ~]$ cd grading/
   [student@serverb grading]$

2. Copy the /home/student/grading/review.txt file to the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file.

   [student@serverb grading]$ cp review.txt review-copy.txt

3. Navigate back to the home directory of the student user.

   [student@serverb grading]$ cd
   [student@serverb ~]$

Edit the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file to have two sequential Test JJ lines.

1. Use the vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/review-copy.txt

2. From the command mode in vim, scroll down to the Test JJ line. Press the y key twice to copy the line of text, and press the p key to paste it below the cursor. Type wq to save the changes and quit vim. Verify that the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file contains the following text:

   Test AA
   Test BB
   Test CC
   Test DD
   Test EE
   Test HH
   Test II
   Test JJ
   Test JJ

Edit the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file to remove the Test HH line.

1. Use the Vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/review-copy.txt

2. From the command mode in Vim, scroll down to the Test HH line. Press the d key twice on your keyboard to delete the line of text. Type wq to save the changes and quit vim. Verify that the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file contains the following text:

   Test AA
   Test BB
   Test CC
   Test DD
   Test EE
   Test II
   Test JJ
   Test JJ

Edit the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file so that the line with A new line exists between the Test BB line and the Test CC line.

1. Use the Vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/review-copy.txt

2. From the command mode in Vim, scroll down to the Test CC line. Press the i key to switch to the insert mode while keeping the cursor at the beginning of the Test CC line. From the insert mode, press Enter to create a blank line above the cursor. Use the up arrow to navigate to the blank line and create the line of A new line text. Press the Esc key to switch back to the command mode. Type wq to save the changes and to quit Vim. Verify that the /home/student/grading/review-copy.txt file contains the following text.

   Test AA
   Test BB
   A new line
   Test CC
   Test DD
   Test EE
   Test II
   Test JJ
   Test JJ

Create the /home/student/hardcopy hard link to the /home/student/grading/grade1 file.

1. Create the /home/student/hardcopy hard link to the /home/student/grading/grade1 file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ ln grading/grade1 hardcopy

2. View the link count of the /home/student/grading/grade1 file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ ls -l grading/grade1
   -rw-r--r--. 2 student student 0 Mar  6 16:45 grading/grade1

Create the /home/student/softcopy symbolic link to the /home/student/grading/grade2 file.

1. Create the /home/student/softcopy symbolic link to the /home/student/grading/grade2 file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ ln -s grading/grade2 softcopy

2. View the properties of the /home/student/softcopy symbolic link.

   [student@serverb ~]$ ls -l softcopy
   lrwxrwxrwx. 1 student student 14 Mar  6 17:58 softcopy -> grading/grade2

List the contents of the /boot directory and redirect the output to the /home/student/grading/longlisting.txt file. The output should be a long listing that includes the file permissions, owner and group owner, size, and modification date of each file. The output should omit hidden files.

1. View the contents of the /boot directory in the long listing format, and omit hidden files. Redirect the output to the /home/student/grading/longlisting.txt file.

   [student@serverb ~]$ ls -l /boot > grading/longlisting.txt

2. Return to the workstation system as the student user.

   [student@serverb ~]$ exit
   logout
   Connection to serverb closed.